Nhớ nhanh: Diễn tả giả định trái ngược quá khứ. Không có thật trong lịch sử. Cấu trúc: If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would/could/might + have + V3/ed.
Công thức
| Thể | Công thức | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| Khẳng định | Công thứcIf + S + had + V3/ed, S + would/could + have + V3/ed | Ví dụIf Nam had studied harder, he would have passed the exam. Nếu Nam học chăm hơn, anh ấy đã qua kỳ thi (nhưng thực tế trượt). |
| Phủ định | Công thứcIf + S + had not + V3/ed, S + would/could + not + have + V3/ed | Ví dụIf Lan had not missed the bus, she wouldn't have been late. Nếu Lan không lỡ xe buýt, cô ấy đã không muộn. |
| Nghi vấn | Công thứcWould + S + have + V3/ed + if + S + had + V3/ed? | Ví dụWould you have helped me if I had asked? Bạn có giúp tôi nếu tôi đã hỏi không? |
Cách dùng
Diễn tả sự việc không có thực trong quá khứ và kết quả giả định của nó.
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed home.
Nếu hôm qua trời mưa, chúng tôi đã ở nhà (thực tế trời không mưa).
She could have bought the car if she had saved enough money.
Cô ấy đã có thể mua ô tô nếu tiết kiệm đủ tiền.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- if clause in past perfect
- retrospective condition
- unreal past
Lỗi thường gặp
So sánh
Loại 2 trái ngược hiện tại (If + V2/ed, would + V1). Loại 3 trái ngược quá khứ (If + had + V3/ed, would have + V3/ed).
Luyện tập 15 câu
Chấm ngay từng câu, có giải thích tiếng Việt.If Hieu ____ earlier, he would have caught the train.
- Ahad left
- Bleft
- Cleaves
- Dwould leave
We would have won the match if we ____ better.
- Ahad played
- Bplayed
- Cplay
- Dhave played
If Mai ____ about the traffic, she would have taken another route.
- Aknew
- Bhad known
- Chas known
- Dwould know
What ____ you have done if you had been in my position?
- Awill
- Bdid
- Cwould had
- Dwould
If Tam had seen the danger, he (warn) ____ us.
If the weather (be) ____ nice, we would have gone camping.
If Linh had practiced piano every day, she (win) ____ the prize.
If she had told me the truth, I would helped her.
- Ashe had told
- BI would
- Chelped
- Dher
If they would have arrived earlier, they would have met the manager.
- Athey would have
- Bthey would
- Chave met
- Dthe manager
Had An ____ the map, she wouldn't have gotten lost.
- Abring
- Bbrought
- Cbringing
- Dbrings
If Tuong ____ his jacket, he wouldn't have caught a cold.
- Awear
- Bwore
- Chad worn
- Dhas worn
If Phong had listened to my advice, he (not lose) ____ his phone.
Lan ____ the science competition if she had studied harder last month.
- Awould win
- Bhad won
- Cwill have won
- Dwould have won
If Hoa had left earlier, she (catch) ____ the bus.
If Minh had known about the traffic jam, he ____ another route.
- Awould take
- Bwill have taken
- Cwould have chosen
- Dhad chosen
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